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Question:

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The population pyramid of a certain country is shown below.

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Based on the diagram, which of the following best characterizes this population?

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Explanation:

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A population pyramid displays the percentage of individuals in each age cohort to describe the current population profile, and to project how the population will increase/decrease in the future.  Every population pyramid is unique, but most fit into one of three general categories.

  • Expansive populations have high birth and mortality rates and short life expectancies.  Therefore, they show a larger percentage of people in younger cohorts (ie, graph has a broad bottom and narrow top).  These populations are young and growing, and their pyramids characterize many developing countries.

  • Stationary populations have declining birth rates, low mortality rates, and long life expectancies.  Therefore, they show a somewhat equal percentage of people in each age cohort (ie, graph has a somewhat rectangular shape).  These populations are stable (ie, neither growing nor shrinking), and their pyramids are characteristic of many developed countries.

  • Constrictive populations have significantly low birth and mortality rates, and long life expectancies.  Therefore, they show a smaller percentage of people in younger cohorts (ie, graph has a narrower bottom).  These populations are shrinking, and their pyramids are characteristic of very advanced countries with a high level of literacy, easy access to birth control measures, and exceptional health and medical resources.

In this question, the population pyramid has a broad bottom, indicating a high birth rate, and a narrow top, indicating a higher mortality rate that results in a short life expectancy (Choices B and C).  Populations with high birth rates are populations that are young and growing (Choices D and E).  Therefore, the population pyramid is characteristic of many developing countries.

Educational objective:
There are three types of population pyramids: expansive (ie, young and growing population; high birth and mortality rates), stationary (ie, stable population; declining birth rates and low mortality rates), and constrictive (ie, shrinking population; significantly low birth and mortality rates).